The hummingbird returns (1)

Cryptanalysis of Hummingbird-1

Hummingbird-1 is a lightweight encryption and message authentication primitive published in RISC ’09 and WLC ’10. Hummingbird-1 utilizes a 256-bit secret key and a 64-bit IV. We report a chosen-IV, chosenmessage attack that can recover the full secret key with a few million chosen messages processed under two related IVs. The attack requires at most 2 off-line computational effort. The attack h...

Hummingbird Ltd.

The Network File System (NFS) version 4 is a distributed filesystem protocol which owes heritage to NFS protocol version 2, RFC 1094, and version 3, RFC 1813. Unlike earlier versions, the NFS version 4 protocol supports traditional file access while integrating support for file locking and the mount protocol. In addition, support for strong security (and its negotiation), compound operations, c...

Hummingbird flight

Hummingbirds are very distinctive in their form and behavior, the evolution of which is tightly connected to the evolution of their primary source of energy - floral nectar. About forty million years ago, the practical use of this dense fuel, available only in widely-dispersed, insect-sized aliquots - it was originally intended for insect pollinators - presented a severe test to the avian baupl...

The Aerodynamics of Hummingbird Flight

Triorchidism in a Hummingbird

—We report a Great-billed Hermit (Phaethornis malaris) with three testes, a condition known as triorchidism. This is the first case to our knowledge of triorchidism in Neoaves, the clade that contains ,95% of avian species diversity. Triorchidism is inferred to be an exceptionally rare congenital abnormality in wild birds with developmental cause and evolutionary implications that are distinct ...